Hamilton Gallery holds a wide range of Australian paintings from colonial to contemporary, both oils and acrylics as well as works on paper.

The colonial works mainly depict Western Victoria and are valuable not only for their aesthetic merit but as an important historical record of what the local landscape looked like at the time of white settlement. Highlights include works by notable colonial artists Thomas Clark, Nicholas Chevalier and Louis Buvelot.

The contemporary paintings collection includes works by Philip Wolfhagen, Howard Arkley and Sidney Nolan amongst others.